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Sunday, June 26, 2016

Coursera Coursera Introduction to Physiology - Week 1 - Homeostasis and Endocrine System Exam

1. Even though no food had entered her stomach, the smell and sight of food caused Jane’s stomach to secrete more acid. This is an example of:

feed-forward control

antagonistic control

negative control

tonic control

2. Jerry is a normal 24 year old male with an intracellular fluid (ICF) volume of 24 L. What is the volume of his plasma?

3L

12 L

6 L

9 L

Remember ECF is $ \frac{1}{3} $ and ICF is $ \frac{2}{3} $, so ECF is half of ICF and is therefore $ 12 $. Plasma is $ \frac{1}{4} $ of ECF and is therefore 3 liters.

3. In a normal female, plasma levels of the hormone cortisol are highest in the early morning and half maximal at 4:00 in the afternoon. This is an example of:

circadian rhythm

tonic control

antagonistic control

autocrine control

4. Estrogen acts in the breast to increase the growth of the glands and the number of estrogen receptors in these cells. This is an example of:

antagonistic control

positive feedback

negative feedback

tonic control

5. Potassium ions in the _____ are in equilibrium with potassium ions in the _____.

IVF; ICF

ECF; ICF

IVF; ISF

ISF; ICF

The channel between the IVF and ISF is leaky.

6. A membrane that is permeable only to water separates two solutions of glucose dissolved in water. On one side (A) the glucose concentration is 0.1 g/ml. On the other side (B) the glucose is concentration is 0.6 g/ml. Initially the rate of water flow is:

zero (no flow in either direction)

more rapid from side B to side A

more rapid from side A to side B

the same in both directions

The concentration of water in action again.

7.  Larry drank 2 cups of hypotonic soup. How did the water in the soup distribute into the intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) compartments?

net water movement from ICF to ECF but less than that seen with isotonic fluid ingestion.

net water movement from ECF to ICF greater than that seen with isotonic fluid ingestion.

no change in water distribution between ICF and ECF.

water will distribute equally (1/2 and 1/2) between ICF and ECF.

Remember hypotonic soup means its solute is less concentrated than 300 mOsM. Therefore the concentration of water is higher than ICF, and therefore more water going into ICF.

8. The single most important factor that determines whether a given cell can be regulated by the steroid hormone aldosterone is the presence in this cell of:

specific aldosterone receptors

heat shock proteins

cAMP and ADP

active transporters for aldosterone

9. In obesity related Type II diabetes, levels of the peptide hormone, insulin, are either normal or elevated, yet target cells are less sensitive to the binding of insulin. This suggests that the target cells:

have excess intracellular glucose

are impermeable to insulin

have a defect in their receptor signaling pathway

cannot convert insulin to an active form

10. What is the maximum transport rate (Tm ) of the carrier depicted below?



8

10

20

4

11. When steroid hormones bind to their target cell receptors:

transcription of DNA is stimulated

membrane bound receptors are activated

ion channels open

the Na+/K+ ATPase becomes active

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