1. Even though no food had entered her stomach, the smell and sight of food caused Jane’s stomach to secrete more acid. This is an example of:
feed-forward control
antagonistic control
negative control
tonic control
2. Jerry is a normal 24 year old male with an intracellular fluid (ICF) volume of 24 L. What is the volume of his plasma?
3L
12 L
6 L
9 L
Remember ECF is $ \frac{1}{3} $ and ICF is $ \frac{2}{3} $, so ECF is half of ICF and is therefore $ 12 $. Plasma is $ \frac{1}{4} $ of ECF and is therefore 3 liters.
3. In a normal female, plasma levels of the hormone cortisol are highest in the early morning and half maximal at 4:00 in the afternoon. This is an example of:
circadian rhythm
tonic control
antagonistic control
autocrine control
4. Estrogen acts in the breast to increase the growth of the glands and the number of estrogen receptors in these cells. This is an example of:
antagonistic control
positive feedback
negative feedback
tonic control
5. Potassium ions in the _____ are in equilibrium with potassium ions in the _____.
IVF; ICF
ECF; ICF
IVF; ISF
ISF; ICF
The channel between the IVF and ISF is leaky.
6. A membrane that is permeable only to water separates two solutions of glucose dissolved in water. On one side (A) the glucose concentration is 0.1 g/ml. On the other side (B) the glucose is concentration is 0.6 g/ml. Initially the rate of water flow is:
zero (no flow in either direction)
more rapid from side B to side A
more rapid from side A to side B
the same in both directions
The concentration of water in action again.
7. Larry drank 2 cups of hypotonic soup. How did the water in the soup distribute into the intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) compartments?
net water movement from ICF to ECF but less than that seen with isotonic fluid ingestion.
net water movement from ECF to ICF greater than that seen with isotonic fluid ingestion.
no change in water distribution between ICF and ECF.
water will distribute equally (1/2 and 1/2) between ICF and ECF.
Remember hypotonic soup means its solute is less concentrated than 300 mOsM. Therefore the concentration of water is higher than ICF, and therefore more water going into ICF.
8. The single most important factor that determines whether a given cell can be regulated by the steroid hormone aldosterone is the presence in this cell of:
specific aldosterone receptors
heat shock proteins
cAMP and ADP
active transporters for aldosterone
9. In obesity related Type II diabetes, levels of the peptide hormone, insulin, are either normal or elevated, yet target cells are less sensitive to the binding of insulin. This suggests that the target cells:
have excess intracellular glucose
are impermeable to insulin
have a defect in their receptor signaling pathway
cannot convert insulin to an active form
10. What is the maximum transport rate (Tm ) of the carrier depicted below?
8
10
20
4
11. When steroid hormones bind to their target cell receptors:
transcription of DNA is stimulated
membrane bound receptors are activated
ion channels open
the Na+/K+ ATPase becomes active
feed-forward control
antagonistic control
negative control
tonic control
2. Jerry is a normal 24 year old male with an intracellular fluid (ICF) volume of 24 L. What is the volume of his plasma?
3L
12 L
6 L
9 L
Remember ECF is $ \frac{1}{3} $ and ICF is $ \frac{2}{3} $, so ECF is half of ICF and is therefore $ 12 $. Plasma is $ \frac{1}{4} $ of ECF and is therefore 3 liters.
3. In a normal female, plasma levels of the hormone cortisol are highest in the early morning and half maximal at 4:00 in the afternoon. This is an example of:
circadian rhythm
tonic control
antagonistic control
autocrine control
4. Estrogen acts in the breast to increase the growth of the glands and the number of estrogen receptors in these cells. This is an example of:
antagonistic control
positive feedback
negative feedback
tonic control
5. Potassium ions in the _____ are in equilibrium with potassium ions in the _____.
IVF; ICF
ECF; ICF
IVF; ISF
ISF; ICF
The channel between the IVF and ISF is leaky.
6. A membrane that is permeable only to water separates two solutions of glucose dissolved in water. On one side (A) the glucose concentration is 0.1 g/ml. On the other side (B) the glucose is concentration is 0.6 g/ml. Initially the rate of water flow is:
zero (no flow in either direction)
more rapid from side B to side A
more rapid from side A to side B
the same in both directions
The concentration of water in action again.
7. Larry drank 2 cups of hypotonic soup. How did the water in the soup distribute into the intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) compartments?
net water movement from ICF to ECF but less than that seen with isotonic fluid ingestion.
net water movement from ECF to ICF greater than that seen with isotonic fluid ingestion.
no change in water distribution between ICF and ECF.
water will distribute equally (1/2 and 1/2) between ICF and ECF.
Remember hypotonic soup means its solute is less concentrated than 300 mOsM. Therefore the concentration of water is higher than ICF, and therefore more water going into ICF.
8. The single most important factor that determines whether a given cell can be regulated by the steroid hormone aldosterone is the presence in this cell of:
specific aldosterone receptors
heat shock proteins
cAMP and ADP
active transporters for aldosterone
9. In obesity related Type II diabetes, levels of the peptide hormone, insulin, are either normal or elevated, yet target cells are less sensitive to the binding of insulin. This suggests that the target cells:
have excess intracellular glucose
are impermeable to insulin
have a defect in their receptor signaling pathway
cannot convert insulin to an active form
10. What is the maximum transport rate (Tm ) of the carrier depicted below?
8
10
20
4
11. When steroid hormones bind to their target cell receptors:
transcription of DNA is stimulated
membrane bound receptors are activated
ion channels open
the Na+/K+ ATPase becomes active
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